川北地区稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹试验初探

本试验在四川山间湿地利用农田0.62公顷养殖中华绒螯蟹，放养苗种为1272只(135只／667m^2)，个体均重7g／只左右，经160d饲养，捕获绒螯蟹875只，个体均重136．7g／只，回捕率为68.8％，饵料系数为2．45，同时水稻产量3529．7kg(375．5kg／667m^2)，其总收获利润为416元／667m^2。     

“清苔灵”对河蟹、青苔及2种水草的毒性试验

[目的]探讨"清苔灵"对河蟹、青苔和2种水草的毒性。[方法]采用正交法和梯度法在添加水草和空白水体中加入"清苔灵",研究"清苔灵"对河蟹、青苔和2种水草的毒性。[结果]有蟹组"清苔灵"浓度达到30 mg/L时对河蟹无毒害作用,对水质影响有限。无蟹组高浓度"清苔灵"有稳定水体的pH的作用,氨氮、硫化氢和亚硝酸盐虽有较微升高,但对河蟹的生长影响不大。[结论]该研究可为"清苔灵"在河蟹养殖中的合理使用提供依据。     

CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST STUDIES IN THE HORSESHOE CRAB (LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS)

Survey and contrast radiographic studies of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) were undertaken using conventional and flouroscopic techniques. Normal gastrointestinal and cardiovascular structures were difficult to resolve on survey radiographs, but were well visualized with gastrointestinal follow through studies and angiography, respectively. All three contrast agents (iohexol, Gastrografin, and barium sulfate) used for the gastrointestinal studies varied minimally in their radiographic quality and transit times, and all appeared to be safe for use in the horseshoe crab.     

虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹摄食和生长影响的研究

分别用虾蛄蛋白浆替代饲料中2%和4%的鱼粉,并以乌贼膏为对照,研究其对河蟹摄食和生长的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹的诱食作用与乌贼膏相当,但摄食量显著高于乌贼膏组。此外,虾蛄蛋白浆还具有明显的促进河蟹脱壳生长的作用,其作用机制可能与其中氨基酸、小肽、胆固醇等含量丰富有关。     

Collection,Analysis, and Utilization of Biogas from Anaerobic Treatment of Crab Processing Waters

Abstract

Two laboratory-scale, upflow anaerobic reactors were constructed to treat blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) cooking wastewater for determination of the volume and composition of the resulting bio-gas. Both systems (A and B) consisted of two 4-liter (L) upflow anaerobic reactors and one 8-L aerobic reactor in series. The first anaerobic reactor of System A contained 240,12.7 mm foam cubes, while the first anaerobic reactor of System B contained 180 foam pieces (25.4 ×25.4 ×12.7 mm). Biogas production rates for System A ranged from 6.6 L gas/L feed to 10.0 L gas/L feed. Mean values for System B ranged from 7.1 L gas/L feed to 11.9 L gas/L feed. Methane and carbon dioxide comprised 68% and 28%, respectively, of the gas from both systems. Hydrogen sulfide averaged 1.5% and 1.4% for systems A and B, respectively. A pilot-scale biogas collection and utilization system was also constructed and successfully demonstrated. Details of the pilot-scale system design are provided in the paper to help processors better understand how the technology might be applied.     

关于大庆市河蟹养殖情况的调查

文章通过对大庆市杜蒙、林句、肇源三县的实地调查，全面介绍了这些地方河蟹养殖的基本情况、突出特点，分析了河蟹养殖发展过程中存在的制约因素和问题，结合大庆市的实际情况，提出了今后发展河蟹养殖业的相关对策建议。     

Effect of casein substitution with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

The effect of dietary substitution of casein with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal on the growth of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino was determined. A 350 g casein per kilogram diet was included into the CS diet. The whole casein was then substituted by: (1) 300 g fishmeal and 200 g soybean meal per kilogram diet (FS), (2) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g krill meal per kilogram diet (FSK), (3) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 280 g red crab meal per kilogram diet (FSC) or (4) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g shrimp head meal per kilogram diet (FSS). In addition, a 50‐g by‐product of green tea per kilogram diet was included in the FS diet to form the FSG diet. Sea tangle (ST)diet was supplied to abalone as a control feed. Weight gain, final shell length and final shell width of abalone fed with the various substitution feeds (FS, FSK, FSC, FSS and FSG) were not different from those obtained with the CS diet. All the formulated feeds, however, produced higher weight gain and final shell width values than the ST diet. The results of this study show that casein can be replaced with a combination of fishmeal, soybean meal, krill meal, crab meal and/or shrimp head meal in the diet without a retardation of growth of abalone.     

基于江苏省河蟹主产区气象因子的产量BP神经网络预测

为提高江苏河蟹主产区产量预测能力,以此为基础制定科学合理的河蟹养殖发展规划,本研究对河蟹主产区附近设立的7个观测台站2013—2017年的气象数据和该区产量数据进行了采集,利用插值法补足少量缺失值,通过主成分分析选取了最能代表江苏省河蟹主产区特点的5个主成分作为研究对象建立BP神经网络,探索其用于江苏省河蟹主产区产量随气象因子变化的规律。结果表明,通过PCA主成分分析降维处理后数据的大部分特点能被BP神经网络学习到,预测值与真实之间的相关系数为0.82267,具备一定的模拟气象因子数据与产量之间的关系的能力。     

中华绒螯蟹养殖群体与野生群体的种群遗传学研究

研究旨在探究安徽中华绒螯蟹种质资源状况以及资源混杂程度,以期为中华绒螯蟹资源的科学保护、合理利用以及相关产业政策的制定提供理论依据。采集了中华绒螯蟹4个养殖群体和长江野生群体共170尾样本,基于线粒体分子标记,进行种群遗传学分析。结果表明,长江野生中华绒螯蟹遗传多样性低,盲目捕捞可能造成野生资源衰退。野生群体与养殖群体间未出现显著遗传分化,存在严重的种质混杂。研究探明了长江中华绒螯蟹的资源现状,为其科学的保护提供理论依据。